Shankari Prasad v. Union of India , [1952] SCR 89 (1951)

 

Shankari Prasad v. Union of India – Case Review

1. Introduction

The case of Shankari Prasad v. Union of India (1951) is one of the earliest and most important constitutional cases decided by the Supreme Court of India. It dealt with the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution, particularly whether Fundamental Rights can be amended.

This case arose after the Parliament passed the First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951, which introduced changes affecting property rights and land reform laws. The Supreme Court in this case upheld the validity of the amendment and held that Parliament has the power to amend Fundamental Rights under the Constitution.

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2. Background of the Case

After independence, the Government of India introduced several land reform laws to abolish the zamindari system and redistribute land to farmers. However, many of these laws were challenged in courts for violating the right to property under:

• Article 19

• Article 31

To protect these land reform laws from judicial review, Parliament enacted the First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951.

This amendment introduced:

• Article 31A – Protection of land reform laws

• Article 31B – Creation of the Ninth Schedule, which placed certain laws beyond judicial review.

The amendment was challenged by Shankari Prasad, who argued that Parliament had no authority to amend Fundamental Rights.

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3. Issues Before the Court

The Supreme Court had to decide the following important questions:

1. Does Parliament have the power to amend Fundamental Rights under the Constitution?

2. Is a constitutional amendment considered a “law” under Article 13?

3. If constitutional amendments are laws under Article 13, can they be declared void for violating Fundamental Rights?

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4. Arguments of the Parties

Petitioner’s Arguments
The petitioner argued that:

• Constitutional amendments fall within the meaning of “law” under Article 13.

• Article 13 states that any law violating Fundamental Rights is void.

• Therefore, Parliament cannot amend Fundamental Rights.

Government’s Arguments
The Government argued that:

• The power to amend the Constitution is given under Article 368.

• Constitutional amendments are not ordinary laws.

• Therefore, Article 13 does not apply to constitutional amendments.

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5. Judgment of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the validity of the First Constitutional Amendment.

The Court held that:

• Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution under Article 368.

• A constitutional amendment is not considered “law” under Article 13.

• Therefore, Fundamental Rights can be amended by Parliament.

As a result, the First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951 was declared valid.

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6. Legal Principle (Ratio Decidendi)

The key principle established in this case was:

Parliament has the power to amend any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights, and such amendments are not subject to Article 13.

This decision gave Parliament wide amending powers.

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7. Significance of the Case

The judgment was important because:

1. It clarified the scope of Parliament’s amending power.

2. It upheld the validity of land reform laws.

3. It established the early constitutional interpretation regarding amendments.

However, this interpretation was later reconsidered in subsequent cases.

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8. Later Developments

The issue of Parliament’s power to amend Fundamental Rights continued to evolve in later cases:

• Golak Nath v. State of Punjab – The Court held that Parliament cannot amend Fundamental Rights.

• Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala – The Court introduced the Basic Structure Doctrine, stating that Parliament can amend the Constitution but cannot alter its basic structure.

Thus, the unlimited amending power recognized in Shankari Prasad was later limited.

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9. Critical Analysis

The decision in Shankari Prasad supported the government’s reform policies and allowed Parliament to amend the Constitution easily. However, critics argued that giving unlimited amendment power to Parliament could weaken the protection of Fundamental Rights.

Later judgments corrected this concern by introducing limitations such as the Basic Structure Doctrine.

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10. Conclusion

The case of Shankari Prasad v. Union of India (1951) marked the beginning of an important constitutional debate regarding the extent of Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution. Although the Court initially upheld Parliament’s wide amending power, later decisions refined and limited this power to protect the core principles of the Constitution.

This case remains a foundational judgment in understanding the evolution of constitutional amendment powers in India.

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If you want, I can also prepare a comparison of the four major amendment cases (very important for LLM and constitutional law):

1. Shankari Prasad (1951)

2. Sajjan Singh (1965)

3. Golak Nath (1967)

4. Kesavananda Bharati (1973).

In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (retd.) Vs. Union of India and ors. , (2017) 10 SCC 1 para 121 (Nine Judges)

 

Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India – Case Review

(Nine-Judge Bench | (2017) 10 SCC 1 | Paragraph 121)

1. Introduction

The case of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India (2017) is one of the most significant constitutional law judgments delivered by the Supreme Court of India. In this landmark decision, a nine-judge bench unanimously held that the right to privacy is a fundamental right protected under the Constitution of India.

The judgment clarified that privacy is an essential part of the right to life and personal liberty guaranteed under Article 21 and is also connected with other freedoms under Article 19 and Article 14.

This decision significantly strengthened the protection of individual liberties in India and became a milestone in the development of constitutional jurisprudence.

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2. Background of the Case

The petition was filed by Justice K. S. Puttaswamy, who challenged the constitutional validity of the Aadhaar Scheme, which required citizens to link biometric and personal information to receive government services.

The petitioner argued that collecting and storing biometric data violated the fundamental right to privacy. At that time, earlier Supreme Court decisions had held that privacy was not explicitly recognized as a fundamental right.

Therefore, the Supreme Court constituted a nine-judge constitutional bench to determine whether the Constitution protects the right to privacy.

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3. Issues Before the Court

The Supreme Court examined the following key issues:

1. Whether the right to privacy is a fundamental right under the Constitution of India.

2. Whether privacy is protected under Articles 14, 19, and 21.

3. Whether earlier judgments denying privacy as a fundamental right were correct.

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4. Judgment of the Court

On 24 August 2017, the nine-judge bench unanimously ruled that the right to privacy is a fundamental right under the Constitution.

The Court held that:

• Privacy is an intrinsic part of the right to life and personal liberty.

• It is essential for the protection of human dignity, autonomy, and individual freedom.

• The Constitution must be interpreted in a way that protects evolving human rights.

The judgment emphasized that privacy includes various aspects such as personal choices, bodily integrity, informational privacy, and protection of personal data.

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5. Paragraph 121 – Key Observation

In paragraph 121 of the judgment, the Court strongly affirmed that life and personal liberty are fundamental rights that cannot be arbitrarily taken away by the State.

The Court clarified that the earlier decision in:

• ADM Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla

was incorrect and unconstitutional.

The Court observed that the Constitution protects the dignity and liberty of individuals even during emergencies. Therefore, denying the right to life and personal liberty was a grave constitutional mistake.

This paragraph symbolically restored the constitutional protection of civil liberties.

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6. Overruling Earlier Judgments

The Court explicitly overruled two earlier cases:

• M. P. Sharma v. Satish Chandra

• Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh

Both cases had earlier suggested that the Constitution did not recognize privacy as a fundamental right.

By overruling these cases, the Court firmly established privacy as a constitutional right.

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7. Importance of the Judgment

The Puttaswamy judgment has several important implications:

1. Recognition of Privacy as a Fundamental Right
   It confirmed that privacy is essential to individual freedom and dignity.

2. Protection of Personal Data
   The judgment laid the foundation for data protection laws in India.

3. Strengthening Civil Liberties
   It reaffirmed the importance of personal autonomy and freedom in a democratic society.

4. Limitation on State Power
   The government cannot interfere with privacy unless the action satisfies tests of legality, necessity, and proportionality.

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8. Constitutional Significance

This judgment is often compared to landmark constitutional cases such as:

• Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

because it expanded the interpretation of fundamental rights and reinforced constitutional values such as human dignity, liberty, and individual autonomy.

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9. Conclusion

The case of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) is a landmark decision that reshaped Indian constitutional law. By recognizing privacy as a fundamental right, the Supreme Court strengthened the protection of individual freedoms in the digital age.

The judgment also corrected earlier constitutional mistakes, particularly the decision in ADM Jabalpur, and reaffirmed that life, liberty, and dignity are central to the Constitution of India. This case continues to influence legal debates on privacy, data protection, and technological governance in India.

LIFE AND LIBERTY: ADM Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla- OVERRULED

 

ADM Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla – Life and Liberty Case (Overruled)

1. Introduction

The case of ADM Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla (1976) is one of the most controversial judgments in Indian constitutional history. It is commonly known as the Habeas Corpus Case. The Supreme Court held that during a national emergency, citizens could not approach courts to enforce their right to life and personal liberty under Article 21.

This judgment was heavily criticized because it allowed the government to detain individuals without judicial review. Later, the decision was effectively overruled and widely regarded as a serious judicial error.

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2. Background of the Case

The case arose during the Emergency period declared in India in 1975 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The Emergency was proclaimed under Article 352 on the ground of internal disturbance.

During the Emergency:

• Fundamental rights of citizens were suspended.

• Political opponents, activists, and journalists were arrested under preventive detention laws such as the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA).

Many detained persons filed petitions in High Courts seeking Habeas Corpus, arguing that their detention was illegal.

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3. Meaning of Habeas Corpus

Habeas Corpus is a legal remedy that protects personal liberty. It allows a detained person to approach a court and demand that the authority justify the legality of the detention.

The central question before the Supreme Court was whether citizens could file habeas corpus petitions during the Emergency when fundamental rights were suspended.

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4. Issues Before the Court

The Supreme Court had to decide:

1. Whether a person detained during an Emergency could challenge the legality of their detention in court.

2. Whether the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 could still be enforced during an Emergency.

3. Whether courts had the power to review detention orders issued by the government.

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5. Judgment of the Supreme Court

The case was decided by a five-judge bench of the Supreme Court.

The majority judgment (4:1) held that during the Emergency, when the enforcement of fundamental rights was suspended, no person had the right to approach courts for enforcement of the right to life and liberty.

This meant that:

• Even if a person was illegally detained, they could not seek judicial relief.

• Courts could not examine whether the detention was lawful.

The majority judges supported the government’s argument that during an Emergency, national security must take precedence over individual rights.

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6. Justice H.R. Khanna’s Historic Dissent

One of the most important aspects of this case was the dissenting opinion of H. R. Khanna.

Justice Khanna disagreed with the majority and argued that:

• The right to life and personal liberty is inherent and cannot be taken away even during an Emergency.

• The Constitution does not allow the state to deprive a person of life or liberty without legal authority.

His dissent is widely celebrated as a powerful defense of civil liberties and judicial independence.

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7. Criticism of the Judgment

The decision in ADM Jabalpur was strongly criticized by legal scholars, judges, and civil rights activists. The main criticisms were:

• It allowed the government to detain individuals without any judicial protection.

• It weakened the protection of fundamental rights.

• It undermined the role of the judiciary as a guardian of the Constitution.

Many later judges described the judgment as one of the darkest moments in the history of the Supreme Court of India.

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8. Overruling of the Case

The principles of ADM Jabalpur were later rejected by the Supreme Court.

A major turning point came in the landmark case:

• Justice K. S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India

In this judgment, the Supreme Court clearly stated that the ADM Jabalpur decision was incorrect and should not be followed. The Court affirmed that the right to life and personal liberty is fundamental and cannot be suspended arbitrarily.

This effectively overruled the ADM Jabalpur judgment.

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9. Constitutional Significance

The case remains important for understanding:

• Protection of civil liberties

• Limits on state power during emergencies

• The importance of judicial independence

It also highlights the need for strong constitutional safeguards to protect individual freedoms even in times of crisis.

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10. Conclusion

The case of ADM Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla (1976) represents a critical chapter in Indian constitutional law. While the majority judgment restricted the right to life and liberty during the Emergency, the dissent of Justice H.R. Khanna stood as a powerful defense of constitutional values.

Today, the case serves as a reminder of the importance of protecting fundamental rights and ensuring that the rule of law prevails even during extraordinary circumstances.

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

 

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala – Case Review

1. Introduction

The case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) is one of the most significant judgments in Indian constitutional law. It is famous for establishing the Basic Structure Doctrine, which limits the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution. The judgment clarified that although Parliament has wide powers to amend the Constitution under Article 368, it cannot destroy or alter the basic structure of the Constitution.

This decision is considered a landmark because it preserved the fundamental principles of the Indian constitutional system and maintained the balance between the powers of Parliament and the judiciary.

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2. Background of the Case

The petitioner, Kesavananda Bharati, was the head of a religious institution called Edneer Mutt in Kerala. The Kerala government passed land reform laws that imposed restrictions on the ownership of land by religious institutions. These reforms were introduced through the Kerala Land Reforms Act 1963.

Kesavananda Bharati challenged these laws in the Supreme Court, arguing that they violated his fundamental rights, particularly the right to property and the freedom of religion under the Constitution.

At the same time, the Parliament had passed several constitutional amendments to protect land reform laws from judicial review, including:

• 24th Constitutional Amendment Act 1971

• 25th Constitutional Amendment Act 1971

• 29th Constitutional Amendment Act 1972

These amendments expanded the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and limited the ability of courts to review such amendments.

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3. Issues Before the Court

The Supreme Court had to decide several important constitutional questions:

1. Does Parliament have unlimited power to amend the Constitution?

2. Can Parliament amend Fundamental Rights?

3. Is there any limitation on the power of amendment under Article 368?

These questions were extremely important because earlier cases had given conflicting interpretations of Parliament’s amending power.

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4. Arguments of the Parties

Petitioner’s Arguments
The petitioner argued that Parliament cannot destroy the essential features of the Constitution. The Constitution was meant to protect the rights of citizens, and allowing unlimited amendment power would make those rights meaningless.

Government’s Arguments
The government argued that Parliament has complete authority to amend any part of the Constitution under Article 368, including Fundamental Rights. According to the government, constitutional amendments represent the will of the people through their elected representatives.

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5. Judgment of the Court

The Supreme Court delivered its judgment on 24 April 1973. A 13-judge bench, the largest bench in the history of the Supreme Court of India, heard the case.

The decision was given by a narrow majority of 7–6.

The Court held that:

• Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution under Article 368.

• However, this power is not unlimited.

• Parliament cannot alter or destroy the basic structure of the Constitution.

This principle came to be known as the Basic Structure Doctrine.

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6. Basic Structure Doctrine

According to the Court, certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be changed by Parliament. These features include:

• Supremacy of the Constitution

• Rule of law

• Separation of powers

• Judicial review

• Federalism

• Secularism

• Democracy

• Protection of fundamental rights

Although the Constitution can be amended, these core principles must remain intact.

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7. Importance of the Judgment

The Kesavananda Bharati judgment is considered the most important constitutional decision in India because it established limits on Parliament’s power.

Its significance includes:

1. Protection of Constitutional Values – It ensures that the essential features of the Constitution cannot be destroyed by political majorities.

2. Balance of Power – It maintains a balance between Parliament and the judiciary.

3. Judicial Review – It strengthened the power of courts to review constitutional amendments.

4. Foundation for Later Cases – Many later constitutional cases relied on the basic structure doctrine.

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8. Later Cases Based on This Doctrine

The doctrine established in this case has been applied in several later judgments, such as:

• Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain

• Minerva Mills v. Union of India

• I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu

These cases further clarified and strengthened the Basic Structure Doctrine.

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9. Critical Analysis

Some scholars praise the judgment for protecting democracy and constitutional values. They argue that it prevents the misuse of amendment powers by governments with large parliamentary majorities.

However, critics argue that the doctrine gives excessive power to the judiciary because the Constitution does not explicitly define the “basic structure.” As a result, courts decide what constitutes the basic structure.

Despite this debate, the doctrine remains a fundamental part of Indian constitutional law.

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10. Conclusion

The case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) fundamentally transformed Indian constitutional jurisprudence. By establishing the Basic Structure Doctrine, the Supreme Court ensured that the Constitution remains stable while still allowing necessary amendments. The judgment protects the democratic framework, fundamental rights, and institutional balance within the Indian political system.

Even today, this case continues to influence constitutional interpretation and is widely regarded as the cornerstone of Indian constitutional law.

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Donald Trump – U.S. President involved in diplomatic pressure.

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Donald Trump and Diplomatic Pressure in Global Politics

In international politics, the actions and decisions of powerful leaders often influence the direction of global diplomacy. One of the most discussed and controversial leaders in recent years is Donald Trump. Known for his direct communication style and unconventional political approach, Trump brought a distinctive style to international relations. During his time in office, he frequently relied on diplomatic pressure to pursue political and economic objectives for the United States.

Diplomatic pressure is a strategy used by countries to influence the decisions and policies of other nations without engaging in direct military conflict. It can include economic sanctions, negotiations, trade restrictions, military presence, or political influence. Trump used many of these tools during his presidency to protect what he believed were American interests. His foreign policy was largely shaped by the idea of “America First,” which focused on strengthening the United States economically and strategically while encouraging other countries to contribute more to international responsibilities.

One of the most visible examples of Trump’s diplomatic pressure involved the military alliance known as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO is a defense partnership formed after World War II to ensure collective security among its member states. During his presidency, Trump openly criticized several NATO members for not contributing enough to defense spending. According to NATO guidelines, member countries are expected to spend at least 2 percent of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on defense. Trump argued that many European countries were relying too heavily on American military protection. Through speeches, diplomatic meetings, and strong public statements, he pushed NATO allies to increase their defense budgets. As a result, several member states began increasing their military spending, demonstrating how diplomatic pressure can influence international alliances.

Another important area where Trump applied diplomatic pressure was in the relationship between the United States and China. China is one of the world’s largest economies and a major competitor of the United States in trade and technology. Trump repeatedly accused China of unfair trade practices, including intellectual property theft and maintaining a large trade imbalance with the United States. In response, his administration imposed tariffs on billions of dollars’ worth of Chinese imports. These tariffs were meant to pressure China into negotiating new trade agreements that the United States considered fairer. The trade tensions between the two countries eventually led to negotiations and partial agreements addressing trade issues. This situation highlighted how economic policies and trade restrictions can be used as diplomatic tools.

Trump’s foreign policy approach was also strongly visible in the Middle East, a region that plays a critical role in global politics due to its strategic location and energy resources. During his presidency, Trump took significant steps in dealing with countries such as Iran and Israel. One of the most notable decisions of his administration was withdrawing the United States from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, also known as the Iran nuclear deal. This agreement had been designed to limit Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of economic sanctions. Trump argued that the agreement did not adequately prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. After withdrawing from the deal, the United States imposed strict economic sanctions on Iran, targeting its oil industry, banking system, and international trade. The goal of these sanctions was to pressure Iran into negotiating a new agreement.

At the same time, Trump maintained a strong alliance with Israel. One of the most controversial and historic decisions of his administration was recognizing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and moving the American embassy there. While this decision was welcomed by Israel, it also sparked criticism from several countries and international organizations. Nevertheless, it demonstrated Trump’s willingness to take bold and decisive diplomatic actions. In addition, his administration helped broker agreements between Israel and several Arab nations known as the Abraham Accords. These agreements marked an important step toward improving diplomatic relations between Israel and parts of the Arab world.

Another example of Trump’s diplomatic pressure strategy can be seen in his dealings with North Korea and its leader Kim Jong Un. North Korea’s nuclear weapons program had long been a source of tension in international politics. Trump initially adopted a tough stance, warning of serious consequences if North Korea continued its nuclear tests. However, the situation later shifted toward diplomacy when Trump and Kim Jong Un held several historic meetings. These summits were remarkable because they marked the first time a sitting U.S. president met with a North Korean leader. Although the discussions did not fully resolve the nuclear issue, they opened channels of communication and demonstrated how diplomatic pressure can sometimes lead to negotiation and dialogue.

Economic sanctions were another key element of Trump’s diplomatic strategy. Sanctions are restrictions placed on countries in order to influence their behavior. These measures can include limitations on trade, financial transactions, and travel. During Trump’s presidency, sanctions were imposed on several countries, including Iran, North Korea, and Russia. The objective was to weaken their economic strength and encourage policy changes without resorting to military conflict. Sanctions have long been used as a diplomatic tool in international relations, and Trump’s administration relied heavily on them.

Trump’s communication style also played a major role in his diplomatic approach. Unlike many previous leaders, he frequently used social media to communicate directly with the public and foreign leaders. Through these platforms, he expressed his views on international issues, negotiations, and foreign policy decisions. Supporters believed that this direct communication style made diplomacy more transparent and straightforward. Critics, however, argued that such public messaging sometimes increased tensions and made international relations more unpredictable.

Trade agreements were another important area where Trump applied diplomatic pressure. He argued that some existing trade agreements were unfair to American workers and businesses. One significant example was the replacement of the North American Free Trade Agreement with the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement. This new agreement introduced updated rules related to labor standards, environmental protection, and digital trade. Trump argued that the revised agreement would create more balanced trade relationships among the three countries.

In addition to economic measures, Trump emphasized the importance of military strength in diplomacy. His administration increased defense spending and argued that strong military capabilities would improve the United States’ bargaining power in international negotiations. According to this view, diplomatic influence is often supported by both economic power and military readiness.

However, Trump’s diplomatic methods were not without criticism. Some international observers believed that his aggressive rhetoric and unilateral decisions sometimes weakened traditional alliances and global cooperation. Critics also argued that withdrawing from international agreements could create uncertainty in global politics. On the other hand, supporters believed that Trump’s approach forced other countries to take American concerns more seriously and adapt to changing geopolitical realities.

Understanding Trump’s diplomatic strategy requires recognizing that international relations involve complex interactions between political interests, economic priorities, and security concerns. Leaders must constantly balance cooperation with competition while attempting to maintain global stability. Trump’s approach to diplomacy was more transactional and assertive than that of many previous leaders. He often approached negotiations with clear demands and expected measurable outcomes.

The use of diplomatic pressure has long been part of international politics, but Trump’s presidency demonstrated how it can be applied across multiple areas of global policy. Whether dealing with trade disputes, security negotiations, or international alliances, his administration frequently used diplomatic pressure to pursue strategic goals.

In conclusion, Donald Trump’s role in international politics highlights the continuing importance of diplomatic pressure as a tool of modern diplomacy. Through economic sanctions, trade negotiations, military influence, and direct political communication, his administration sought to reshape international relationships in favor of American interests. His policies toward NATO, China, Iran, and North Korea illustrate how diplomatic pressure can influence global politics. As international relations continue to evolve, the diplomatic strategies used during Trump’s presidency will remain an important subject for scholars, policymakers, and students of global politics.

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Line Graph Maker Tool with colorful styling and all its features use any free library

 

Line Graph Maker Tool

Labels (comma-separated): Data Points (comma-separated): Line Color:

* { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; } body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f4f4f9; color: #333; } .container { max-width: 900px; margin: 40px auto; padding: 20px; background-color: white; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } h1 { text-align: center; color: #4CAF50; margin-bottom: 20px; } .form-container { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px; } label { font-weight: bold; } input[type="text"], input[type="color"], button { padding: 10px; font-size: 16px; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid #ddd; } input[type="text"] { width: 100%; } button { background-color: #4CAF50; color: white; cursor: pointer; border: none; } button:hover { background-color: #45a049; } .graph-container { margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } canvas { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-radius: 8px; } document.getElementById('generateGraph').addEventListener('click', function () { // Get the input values const labelsInput = document.getElementById('labels').value.trim(); const dataInput = document.getElementById('data').value.trim(); const lineColor = document.getElementById('lineColor').value; // Validate input if (!labelsInput || !dataInput) { alert('Please fill in both Labels and Data points.'); return; } // Convert input values into arrays const labels = labelsInput.split(',').map(label => label.trim()); const data = dataInput.split(',').map(value => parseFloat(value.trim())); // Check if data and labels lengths match if (labels.length !== data.length) { alert('The number of labels must match the number of data points.'); return; } // Create the chart createLineChart(labels, data, lineColor); }); // Function to create the line chart function createLineChart(labels, data, lineColor) { const ctx = document.getElementById('lineGraph').getContext('2d'); // Destroy any existing chart before creating a new one if (window.lineChart) { window.lineChart.destroy(); } // Create the new line chart window.lineChart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'line', data: { labels: labels, datasets: [{ label: 'Data Points', data: data, fill: false, borderColor: lineColor, tension: 0.1, pointRadius: 5, pointBackgroundColor: lineColor, pointBorderColor: '#fff', pointBorderWidth: 2 }] }, options: { responsive: true, maintainAspectRatio: false, scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true } } } }); }

Responsive Website Tester Tool with colorful styling and all its features use any free library

 

Responsive Website Tester Tool

Instructions:

Select a screen size from the buttons above to test how a website will look on different devices.

For best results, enter the URL of the website you want to test in the iframe below.

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